The young baboon weighs approximately g and has a black epidermis when born. The females tend to be the primary caretaker of the young, although several females will share the duties for all of their offspring. After about one year, the young animals are weaned. They reach sexual maturity in five to eight years. Baboon males leave their birth group, usually before they reach sexual maturity, whereas females are philopatric and stay in the same group their whole lives. In Egyptian mythology , Babi was the deification of the hamadryas baboon and was therefore a sacred animal.
It was known as the attendant of Thoth , so is also called the sacred baboon. A troop of baboons. Taxonomy and phylogeny Five species of Papio are commonly recognized, although there is some disagreement about whether they are really full species or subspecies. The five species of baboons in the genus Papio are: [1] Genus Papio Hamadryas baboon , Papio hamadr Guinea baboon , Papio papio Olive baboon , Papio anubis Yellow baboon , Papio cynocephalus Central yellow baboon , Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus Ibean baboon , Papio cynocephalus ibeanus Kinda baboon , Papio cynocephalus kindae Chacma baboon , Papio ursinus Cape chacma , Papio ursinus ursinus Gray-footed chacma , Papio ursinus griseipes Ruacana chacma , Papio ursinus raucana All baboons have long, dog-like muzzles, heavy, powerful jaws with sharp canine teeth , close-set eyes, thick fur except on their muzzles, short tails, and rough spots on their protruding buttocks , called ischial callosities.
Behavior and ecology Baboons are terrestrial ground dwelling and are found in open savannah, open woodland and hills across Africa. Social systems Most baboons live in hierarchical troops. Mating and birth Baboon mating behavior varies greatly depending on the social structure of the troop.
Relationship with humans In Egyptian mythology , Babi was the deification of the hamadryas baboon and was therefore a sacred animal. In Wilson, D. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. OCLC ISBN American Journal of Physical Anthropology. PMID Anatomical Record. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution. New York: Plenum Press. African Wildlife Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 September All of them live in Africa or Arabia. Baboons are some of the world's largest monkeys, and males of different species average from 33 to 82 pounds.
Baboon bodies are 20 to 40 inches long, not including substantial tails of varying lengths. Baboons generally prefer savanna and other semi-arid habitats, though a few live in tropical forests. Like other Old World monkeys, baboons do not have prehensile gripping tails. But they can and do climb trees to sleep, eat, or look out for trouble. They spend much of their time on the ground. Baboons are opportunistic eaters and, fond of crops, become destructive pests to many African farmers.
They eat fruits, grasses, seeds, bark, and roots, but also have a taste for meat. They eat birds, rodents, and even the young of larger mammals, such as antelopes and sheep. Four baboon species i. These animals form large troops, composed of dozens or even hundreds of baboons, governed by a complex hierarchy that fascinates scientists. Males use shows of physical power to dominate rivals, and troop members spend endless hours carefully grooming one another to remove insects and dead skin.
A fifth species, the hamadryas baboon, lives in the hills along the Red Sea coasts of Africa and Arabia. These cliff-dwelling baboons disperse to forage during the day and reconvene in much smaller groups at night. All rights reserved. Common Name: Baboons.
Scientific Name: Papio. These groups usually consist of seven or eight males and about twice as many females plus their young. The family unit of females and juveniles forms the core of the troop.
Males will leave their natal troops as they mature and move in and out of other troops. These monkeys are omnivorous and will eat just about anything edible. Grass makes up a large part of their diet, along with berries, seeds, pods, blossoms, leaves, roots, bark, and sap from a variety of plants.
They also eat insects and small quantities of meat, such as fish, shellfish, hares, birds, vervet monkeys, and small antelopes. Chacma baboons tend to live in more arid and desert habitats and were observed to survive without water for up to 11 or more days. They all can subsist solely on grass, which gives them the advantage of taking up residencies in savannas not frequented by other monkeys.
They are found in surprisingly varied habitats and are extremely adaptable. These monkeys prefer semi-arid habitats, like savannas and bushlands, but some live in tropical forests and mountains. The major requirements for any habitat appear to be abundant water sources and safe sleeping places—either in tall trees or on cliff faces.
Unleash more canine heroes to save elephants. Donate now. Learn how we're protecting Africa's species each and every day so we never have to live in a world without elephants, rhinos, and other precious wildlife. Breadcrumb Wildlife Conservation Baboon. What are baboons? Scientific name.
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